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    Determinant Risk of Hazards in Shipwreck Removal Operations in Nigeria’s Waterways
    (Greener Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2023-12-09) Ofurumazi, Righteousness Pereowei; Emeghara, Godfrey Chigozie; Nwokedi; Theophilus Chinonyerem
    The study evaluated the risk of hazards in shipwreck removal operations in Nigeria waterways. The objective of the study was among other things, to determine the determinant risk/hazard types influencing shipwreck removal operations in Nigeria waterways and the relative influences of the individual risk types. The study used a mixed method in which both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data on the risk scores of the identified categories of risks of hazards affecting shipwreck removal operations was obtained from survey administered to the staff of Hurmer Marine Werks Ltd, the salvage company used as case study. The primary data was obtained by the use of a checklist administered to randomly selected sample of the staff of Hurmer Marine Werks Limited, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. Secondary data was obtained from the records maintained by the safety department of the company, over the years. The statistical methods of major component factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data obtained. The analysis was implemented by the use of the SPSS version 20.1 statistical software. The result of the study indicates that technical risks/hazards, security risks and operational risk each with Eigen value greater than 1 (Eigen>1), significantly influence shipwreck removal operations and as a result form the determinant risk of hazards associated with shipwreck removal operations in Nigeria‘s waterways. The implications on policy development were discussed and recommendations were preferred on the basis of the research findings.
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    COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SINGLE WINDOW IMPLEMENTATION ON TRADE EFFICIENCY: A CASE STUDY OF THE PORT OF LOMÉ AND MAJOR NIGERIAN SEAPORTS
    (University of Nigeria Maritime Studies and Research Journal, 2025-08-18) Ofurumazi, Righteousness Pereowei; IFIOKOBONG IBANGA OKONKO; KELECHI JOSHUA OTTAH; MIRACLE CHINECHEREM. UWAKWE
    The implementation of Single Window Systems in port operations aims to enhance port efficiency by streamlining customs procedures, reducing clearance time, and minimizing trade barriers. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of single window implementation at the port of Lomé and major Nigerian seaports focusing on trade facilitation, cargo throughput and port competitiveness, with specific objectives, to assess the impact of single window implementation on cargo clearance time and overall port efficiency at the port of Lomé and major Nigerian seaports, and to compare the effectiveness of Togo’s Single Window policy and Nigeria’s National Single Window in enhancing port competitiveness. The findings reveal that the port of Lomé with a fully operational and integrated single window, demonstrate higher efficiency in cargo handling and custom clearance, contributing to its rising role as a regional transhipment hub. Conversely, Nigerian seaports, despite implementing the National Single Window, continue to experience bureaucratic delays, infrastructural bottleneck, and policy inconsistencies, limiting its full potential. The study highlighted best practices from Togo’s model that could enhance Nigerian port efficiency. The efficiency provide policy recommendation for optimizing trade facilitation through improved digital integration, inter-agency collaboration, and regulatory reforms in Nigeria’s ports system. This research contributes to the discourse on trade competitiveness in West Africa and offers insights for policy makers and port stakeholders seeking to maximize the benefits of Single Window Systems.
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    Ocean Mineral Deposits and Mining in Nigeria Lecture Note
    (Nigeria Maritime University, 2026-10-16) Amiwero, Daniel Tuoyo
    This lecture note covers two topics in MGY 405 (Ocean Mineral Deposits and Mining) for 400-level students of Marine Geology at Nigeria Maritime University. The first topic is the polymetallic massive sulphide deposits forming on the modern seafloor. It traces their discovery and describes their tectonic settings at mid-ocean ridges, back-arc basins and volcanic arcs. It then explains how hydrothermal convection builds black smoker chimneys, sulphide mounds and stockworks, and describes their mineralogy and metal contents. Deposit sizes, global resource estimates, exploration methods, mining technology and environmental issues are assessed, with Solwara 1 and the TAG mound as case studies. The topic ends with the UNCLOS maritime zones and the International Seabed Authority regime for polymetallic sulphides. The second topic treats the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act 2007 and the Minerals and Mining Regulations 2011 together. It covers the ownership of minerals onshore and offshore, the institutions the law establishes, the six mineral titles, the cadastre and the application procedure, and the fiscal regime. It also covers environmental, closure and community obligations, health and safety, artisanal mining, the management of titles, and offences and disputes, and it applies the law to sand dredging and other coastal and offshore minerals. The note includes worked examples, 11 diagrams, key equations, review questions, a glossary and references.
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    Advanced Mineralogy Lecture Note
    (Nigeria Maritime University, 2026-10-16) Amiwero, Daniel Tuoyo
    This lecture note covers three topics in MGY 421 (Advanced Mineralogy) for 400-level students of Marine Geology at Nigeria Maritime University. The first topic is the instrumental methods used to identify minerals and measure their composition. It explains how X-rays are produced and covers Bragg’s law and powder X-ray diffraction, including identifying minerals, estimating their proportions and measuring crystallite size. It then describes how an electron beam interacts with a sample, the principles of SEM-EDS, WDS and the electron microprobe, how a mineral formula is calculated from an analysis, and the use of XRF and related methods. The second topic deals with clay minerals and marine authigenic minerals. It covers clay structures, groups, cation exchange capacity and swelling, and identifying clays by X-ray diffraction of oriented mounts. It explains the climatic and diagenetic controls on clay minerals in marine sediments, and the origin and significance of glauconite, phosphorite, zeolites, pyrite, evaporites, barite and ferromanganese oxides. The third topic introduces ore mineralogy: the reflected-light microscope, the optical and physical properties of ore minerals, a scheme for identifying them, ore textures and paragenesis, and applications to modal analysis, grade, liberation and processing, with examples from Nigeria. The note includes worked examples, 14 diagrams, key equations, review questions, a glossary and references.
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    CRUDE OIL SPILLAGE AND ILLEGAL BUNKERING IN TAYLOR CREEK: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA
    (International Journal of Maritime and Interdisciplinary Research, 2027-07-06) Ofurumazi, Righteousness Pereowei; Famous Denhinbofa Egelu; Okonkwo, Ifiokobong Ibanga; Uwakwe, Chinecherem Miracle
    Crude oil spillage and illegal bunkering pose significant threats to the sustainable development of the Blue Economy in the Niger Delta, particularly in Taylor Creek. This study examines the key environmental, economic, social, and governance factors influencing marine-based economic activities (fishing, aquaculture, and tourism), assesses the direct and indirect impact of oil pollution using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and evaluates the economic decline’s effect on public health and livelihoods. Data were collected through structured surveys and analyzed using SEM to identify latent relationships among key variables. Findings reveal that environmental degradation (oil spills, water pollution), weak governance (poor enforcement of regulations), and economic decline (loss of fishing income, reduced tourism) significantly affect the Blue Economy’s productivity. SEM results show that oil spillage has a direct negative effect on marine productivity (-0.72, p<0.05), while illegal bunkering indirectly contributes to economic decline and livelihood deterioration. The study highlights the urgent need for policy interventions, stricter environmental regulations, and investment in marine ecosystem restoration to mitigate the adverse effects of crude oil pollution. Addressing governance failures and promoting sustainable economic alternatives are critical for preserving the Blue Economy and ensuring the well-being of affected communities.